Relationship between serum homocysteine levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The mortality of cardiovascular disease is constantly rising, and novel biomarkers help us predict residual risk. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum homocysteine (HCY) levels on prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).@*METHODS@#The 419 consecutive patients with STEMI, treated at one medical center, from March 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively investigated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained within 24 h of admission and HCY concentrations were measured using an enzymatic cycling assay. The patients were divided into high HCY level (H-HCY) and low HCY level (L-HCY) groups. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared, as were age-based subgroups (patients aged 60 years and younger vs. those older than 60 years). Statistical analyses were mainly conducted by Student t-test, Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and Cox proportional-hazards regression.@*RESULTS@#The H-HCY group had more males (84.6% vs. 75.4%, P = 0.018), and a lower prevalence of diabetes (20.2% vs. 35.5%, P < 0.001), compared with the L-HCY group. During hospitalization, there were seven mortalities in the L-HCY group and 10 in the H-HCY group (3.3% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.440). During the median follow-up period of 35.8 (26.9-46.1) months, 33 (16.2%) patients in the L-HCY group and 48 (24.2%) in the H-HCY group experienced major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (P = 0.120). History of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.881, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.178-3.005, P = 0.008) and higher Killip class (HR: 1.923, 95% CI: 1.419-2.607, P < 0.001), but not HCY levels (HR: 1.007, 95% CI: 0.987-1.027, P = 0.507), were significantly associated with long-term outcomes. However, the subgroup analysis indicated that in older patients, HCY levels were significantly associated with long-term outcomes (HR: 1.036, 95% CI: 1.011-1.062, P = 0.005).@*CONCLUSION@#Serum HCY levels did not independently predict in-hospital or long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI; however, among elderly patients with STEMI, this study revealed a risk profile for late outcomes that incorporated HCY level.

Relationship between serum homocysteine levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background:@#The mortality of cardiovascular disease is constantly rising, and novel biomarkers help us predict residual risk. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum homocysteine (HCY) levels on prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).@*Methods:@#The 419 consecutive patients with STEMI, treated at one medical center, from March 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively investigated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained within 24 h of admission and HCY concentrations were measured using an enzymatic cycling assay. The patients were divided into high HCY level (H-HCY) and low HCY level (L-HCY) groups. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared, as were age-based subgroups (patients aged 60 years and younger vs. those older than 60 years). Statistical analyses were mainly conducted by Student t-test, Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and Cox proportional-hazards regression.@*Results:@#The H-HCY group had more males (84.6% vs. 75.4%, P=0.018), and a lower prevalence of diabetes (20.2% vs. 35.5%, P < 0.001), compared with the L-HCY group. During hospitalization, there were seven mortalities in the L-HCY group and 10 in the H-HCY group (3.3% vs. 4.8%, P= 0.440). During the median follow-up period of 35.8 (26.9–46.1) months, 33 (16.2%) patients in the L-HCY group and 48 (24.2%) in the H-HCY group experienced major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (P=0.120). History of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.881, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.178–3.005, P=0.008) and higher Killip class (HR: 1.923, 95% CI: 1.419–2.607, P < 0.001), but not HCY levels (HR: 1.007, 95% CI: 0.987–1.027, P=0.507), were significantly associated with long-term outcomes. However, the subgroup analysis indicated that in older patients, HCY levels were significantly associated with long-term outcomes (HR: 1.036, 95% CI: 1.011–1.062, P=0.005).@*Conclusion:@#Serum HCY levels did not independently predict in-hospital or long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI; however, among elderly patients with STEMI, this study revealed a risk profile for late outcomes that incorporated HCY level.

Hand hygiene cognition among healthcare-associated infection management staff in Gansu Province / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the cognition and influencing factors of hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare-associated infection (HAI) management staff in Gansu Province, and provide reference for enhancing the special competency of HAI management staff.Methods According to geographical area, natural and human characteristics, HAI management staff in 69 hospitals in different areas of Gansu Province were selected to conduct a questionnaire and field survey on their basic condition and knowledge of HH, current situation, and influencing factors for HH knowledge were analyzed.Results Among 69 surveyed hospitals, 82.61％ were secondary hospitals, 17.39％ were tertiary hospitals;among 125 surveyed HAI management staff, 82.40％ were full-time staff and 17.60％ were parttime staff.33.60％ and 66.40％ of HAI management staff had complete and incomplete knowledge of HH respectively;the knowledge about importance of HH, use of hand disinfectant, installation of HH facilities, hand washing methods, hand drying methods, HH indications, and standard for judging qualified HH in tertiary hospitals were all higher than those in secondary hospitals (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent protective factors for HH cognition were working for≥5 years and＜10 years in HH management (OR=3.067), bachelor's degree (OR=3.331), and full-time job (OR=10.309).Conclusion HAI management staff's cognition on HH among is low, especially those who have been engaged in HH management for less than 5 years, whose educational background is secondary school or lower, and part-time personnel.It is necessary to combine with actual condition to strengthen professional competence training for HH management staff.

Pharmacokinetic Features of Reactive Sulfide in Plasma of Rats After Oral Administration of Cinnabaris by Using HPLC Coupled with Pre-column Derivatization / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic features of reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Methods An HPLC coupled with precolumn derivatization method was developed for the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Results Good linearity (r>0.99) was found for reactive sulfide in plasma in the concentration range of 0.25–15 μmol/L (r>0.99). The LOQ and LOD of the method were 0.1 μmol/L and 0.02 μmol/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 4.4% and 3.5% respectively, and the accuracy was -9.9%–6.0%. The average recovery rate was 74.9%. 0.6 g/kg Cinnabaris was given the rats for gavage, and the time-course pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:Cmax(1.33±0.13) μmol/L, tmax(150±34) min, t1/2(323±62) min, AUC0-∞ (5743±297) ng/mL?h. Conclusion A sensitive, robust and accurate precolumn derivatization-HPLC method for the determination of plasma reactive sulfide is developed and validated. The method is successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in plasma of rats after administration of Cinnabaris.

Effects of Ligustrazine on Serum S100β Protein and Neuron-Specific Enolase in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopedics Operations / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of Ligustrazine on serum S100p protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 60 patients undergoing selective total hip replacement, 65-80 years old, who were in line with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II, were randomly assigned to the Ligustrazine group (Group L) and the normal saline control group (Group S). The right internal jugular vein catheters were placedcephalad and ensured theirs tips in jugular venous bulbs after anesthesia induction and tracheal intubation. Patients in Group L received 2 mg/kg Ligustrazine Injection (40 drops within one minute) and those inGroup S received equal volume of normal saline via central veins before operations. Other medicines were the same for all patients during and after operation. Five millimeter blood sample was collected frominternal jugular venous bulbs before operation (T0), 24 h (T1), 72 h (T2), 168 h (7th day, T3) after operation. Serum was collected after centrifuge. S100β protein and NSE concentration were analyzed usingELISA. Mini-mental state examinations (MMSE) were scored by the same doctor at T0, T1, T2, and T3,respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in MMSE scores, serum S1000 protein, or NSE at TO (P > 0.05). Compared with TO, S100 P protein and NSE concentration increased and MMSE scores decreased at T1, T2, and T3 in the two groups. All indices except S100P protein and NSE at T3 were statistically different between Group L and Group S (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum S100P protein and NSE could be changed by pre-operation injecting Ligustrazine at certain dose in elderly patients undergoing orthopedics operations.</p>

Establishment and application of multiplex PCR for non-O157 H7 STEC virulence genes detection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Traditional detection approaches for non-O157 STEC are both time and labour consuming in diseases surveillance. Virulence genes detection based on multiplex PCR could not only improve the detection efficiency but also increase the accuracy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six virulence genes of non-O157:H7 (stx1, stx2, eae, hly, etpD, katP6) were detected by two groups of trebling PCRs. The multiplex PCRs were optimized by melting curve analysis in SYBR Green I real-time PCR. Testing result of multiplex PCR was consistent with serological testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity limits of the multiplex PCR for stx1, stx2, eaeP, etpD, katP, and hly were 10 ng/ml, 120 ng/ml, 110 ng/ml,165 ng/ml, 85 ng/ml, and 15 ng/ml, respectively, which is similar with that of single PCR. When the multiplex PCR was applied in 120 adults and 90 children diarrhea samples detection, 13 cases were detected for non-O157 positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method we established can be used for non-O157 STEC virulence genes detection and screening with high efficiency and accuracy.</p>

Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Xinjiang / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (Pr-EP) among the female sex workers in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A volunteer-based, anonymous and one-to-one questionnaire survey was conducted in 762 female sex workers (FSW) in Urumqi and Kelamayi of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among 762 FSW surveyed, 673 (88.32%) was not aware of pre-exposure prophylaxis with an awareness rate of 11.55%. The awareness rate of FSWs working in high-end entertainment venues was higher than that of FSWs working in medium-low end entertainment venues(P<0.001). Five hundred and twenty eight FSWs (69.29%) were willing to take Pr-EP, 145 (19.03%) were unwilling to take the medicine and 89 (11.68%) were possible to use the Pr-EP. There was no significant difference in willingness of using Pr-EP among FSWs working in high and medium-low end entertainment venuew (P=0.285). The subjects who were willing to take Pr-EP mainly concerned of the drug security, effectiveness and cost. The main reasons for not willing to take Pr-EP were: not having risk of infecting HIV, suspecting effectiveness of Pr-EP and worrying about side effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acceptability to use Pr-EP in female sex workers of Xinjiang is relatively high and the drug security, effectiveness and cost will influence the promotion and application of Pr-EP in the future.</p>

Instructional significance of HBV-DNA load in maternal milk on breastfeeding of postpartum women infected with HBV / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the instructional significance of HBV-DNA load in maternal milk on breastfeeding of postpartum women infected with HBV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBV-DNA levels in serum and breast milk were detected by FQ-PCR in 152 postpartum women infected with HBV, and HBV-DNA ≥ 1.0 × 10(3) U/ml was defined as HBV positive. Correlation analysis was also conducted to estimate if there were relations in HBV levels in serum and breast milk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HBV-DNA positive rate were 50.66% (77/152) and 36.18% (55/152) in serum and breast milk, respectively. When HBeAg was positive, HBV-DNA positive rate were 95.38% (62/65) and 76.92% (50/65) in serum and breast milk; however when HBeAg was negative, HBV-DNA positive rate were 17.24% (15/87) and 5.75% (5/87) in serum and breast milk. When the concentration of HBV-DNA was 3-4 lg U/ml in serum, HBV-DNA positive rate was 20.00% (5/25) in breast milk; However, when the concentration of HBV-DNA was higher than 5 lg U/ml in serum, HBV-DNA positive rate was 96.15% (50/52) in breast milk.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HBV-DNA level in breast milk in postpartum women infected with HBV increased with the HBV-DNA levels in serum. Breastfeeding should be avoided when the concentration of HBV-DNA is higher than 1.0 × 10(3) U/ml in milk.</p>

Correspondence analysis on random amplified polymorphic DNA genotyping and drug-resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Pudong area, Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using molecular epidemiology methods to investigate relationship between genotypes and drug-resistance of neisseria (N.) gonorrhoeae in Shanghai area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint method at the molecular level was used to differentiate the strains which were isolated from the outpatients of sexually transmitted disease clinics. The sensitivity to antibiotic of the 78 N. gonorrhoeae strains on 9 different antibiotics was tested and the relationship between different genotypes and phenotypes was studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Selected RAPD primer could give out a group of amplification polymerase chain reaction bands with some main segments common to all the N. gonorrhoeae strains tested and some segments were different among the N. gonorrhoeae strains. All the 78 N. gonorrhoeae strains could be classified as three different groups (I, II and III). The strains could also be distinguished as four types (A, B, C and D) according to drug-resistance status. Using correspondence analysis method, the relationship between the three genotypes and four resistance types could be identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RAPD fingerprint seemed a useful genotyping method and could be used for molecular epidemiological studies.</p>

Application of random amplification polymorphic DNA in the genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To set up random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) method in genotyping Neisseria gonorrhoeae on DNA level, and to explore its use to trace the source of infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four different pretreatments were used to extract the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genomic DNA with its advantages and disadvantages compared. Arbitrary sequence was then used to amplify the genomic DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and RAPD fingerprint maps was applied to distinct the Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Finally, RAPD fingerprint of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain between patient and his/her sexual partner was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method was classical in extracting genomic DNA, and could get integrated genomic DNA and good fingerprint maps, since main segments were common to all the Neisseria gonorrhoeae but some were different among strains so that the fingerprint of different Neisseria gonorrhoeae were distinctive. However, fingerprint maps of Neisseria gonorrhoeae collected from sex partners were quite similar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on genomic levels, effective fingerprint maps could be identified and to classify the Neisseria gonorrhoeae into different genotypes. RAPD fingerprint maps could be used to trace the source of infection.</p>

Effect of association of Shiquandabu Tang with Hetaokun on liver and immunity of tumour mouse / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the effect of the association of Shiquandabutang with Hetaokun on the protection to liver and immunity of tumor mouse S180.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Through the comparison between tumor transplanted and tumor cultured completely out of cell body, the effect was investigated, with Hetaokun singly used and Shiquandabutang associated with Hetaokun, on the level of SGPT, licking up function of monocyte macrophage, thymus index, spleen index and transform percentage of lymphocyte of the mouse S180. The scanning electron micrographs indicated the protective function of the association of Shiquandabutang with Hetaokun for liver.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>12.5 mg x kg(-1) Hetaokun could obviously restrain the tumor when it was singly used at 73.1%, but it increased SGPT at the same time. The association of Shiquandabutang with Hetaokun could protect liver of the mouse S180. SGPT (P > 0.05) was compared with the common ones and the result showed that the association of shiquandabutang with Hetaokun could make K value increase (P > 0.01). Through the scanning electron micrographs, association of two medicines was found to change liver cells little and expansion of rough Neizhiwang was not found. Compared with the control group, the immunity of the two tumor mouse groups taking the medicine mentioned above was promoted obviously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The association of Shiquandabutang with Hetaokun can enhance the efficiency and decrease poison of them to body. With the promotion of immunity of the body, the efficiency is enhanced on the whole.</p>